{"id":1114,"date":"2015-09-29T13:53:41","date_gmt":"2015-09-29T11:53:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/safundacio.es\/?p=1114"},"modified":"2018-04-03T12:48:27","modified_gmt":"2018-04-03T10:48:27","slug":"es-cristians-dal-mayurqa-un-estatus-tolerat-part-iii-de-iv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/documents\/altres-documents\/es-cristians-dal-mayurqa-un-estatus-tolerat-part-iii-de-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"Es cristians d’Al-May\u00fbrqa: Un estatus tolerat (Part III de IV)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fa uns mesos Toni Cantarellas, editor de sa revista Toc-Toc,<\/span>\u00a0se centrava en ses darreres troballes que s\u2019han fet d\u2019un personatge extraordinari, el gran senyor Ben Abet, per desfer sa tesi catalanista de s\u2019any zero de sa conquista de 1229 o, com ell anomenava, es mite de sa\u00a0<\/span>tabula rasa<\/span>. Lluny d\u2019aquesta\u00a0<\/span>tabula rasa<\/span>\u00a0que es catalanisme ha conseguit convertir en doctrina oficial, es fet \u00e9s que encara conservam llinatges cristians i jueus d\u2019abans de sa conquista, lo que demostraria sa seva pres\u00e8ncia abans de 1229 i sa seva coexist\u00e8ncia\u00a0<\/span>\u2013prec\u00e0ria, clandestina, tolerada\u2013\u00a0<\/span>amb sos sarra\u00efns. Amb aquest nou assaig que presentam<\/span>\u00a0avui, s\u2019autor grata m\u00e9s endins i s\u2019aventura a descriure<\/span>\u00a0com devia ser aquesta\u00a0<\/span>pres\u00e8ncia<\/span>\u00a0des cristians (o moss\u00e0rabs)\u00a0<\/span>dins<\/span>es\u00a0<\/span>m\u00f3n musulm\u00e0<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Pes seu inter\u00e8s i per sa seva llarg\u00e0ria\u00a0dividirem\u00a0aquest<\/span>\u00a0segon assaig en quatre parts. Sa setmana passada public\u00e0rem ses parts I i II. Avui i dem\u00e0 treurem sa III i sa IV part.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Un estatus tolerat (III)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Un a<\/span>ltre eminent\u00a0<\/span>doctor\u00a0<\/span>d\u2019<\/span>hist\u00f2ria m<\/span>edieval<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>\u00c1lvaro Santamar\u00eda<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>defensa que<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0du<\/span>rant sa dominaci\u00f3 sarra\u00efna<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0ets \u2018Arroms\u2019<\/span>\u00a0(<\/span>rum\u00eds<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0mercaders i menestral<\/span>s<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>constitueixen<\/span>\u00a0una comunitat no institucionalisada,\u00a0<\/span>que no disfruta\u00a0<\/span>de s\u2019estatus de\u00a0<\/span>\u2018<\/span>dhimies<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u00a0o protegits,\u00a0<\/span>i que han conseguit una<\/span>\u00a0resid\u00e8ncia tolerada a canvi de qualque tipo de tributac<\/span>i\u00f3 personal assimilada a sa \u2018xiz<\/span>a\u2019, impost de capitaci\u00f3 personal satisfet per cristians i jueus a la resta d\u2019Al-Andalus.\u00a0<\/span>Es llinatge Arrom<\/span>\u00a0devia ser molt com\u00fa per\u00a0<\/span>designar<\/span>\u00a0tot u<\/span>n col\u00b7lectiu, per\u00f2 amb sa conqui<\/span>sta, molts d\u2019ells\u00a0<\/span>barataren es seu nom<\/span>\u00a0per sa connotaci\u00f3 despectiva amb\u00a0<\/span>qu\u00e8<\/span>\u00a0es sarra\u00efns se referien a ells, quedant en un llinatge minoritari, per\u00f2 encara viu.<\/span>\u00a0Un altre llinatge extraordinari que va sobreviure a sa dominaci\u00f3 sarra\u00efna \u00e9s es de \u2018Caymari\u2019, corrupci\u00f3 des llat\u00ed \u2018<\/span>Cayus Marius\u2019<\/span>, g<\/span>eneral rom\u00e0 que particip\u00e0 amb\u00a0<\/span>Quinto C. Metello<\/span>\u00a0a sa colonisaci\u00f3 de\u00a0<\/span>s\u2019illa<\/span>. D<\/span>e fet, devora es poble de Caimari, a Fornassos, s\u2019han trobat s<\/span>es restes d\u2019un assentament rom\u00e0<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Molts des top\u00f2nims des\u00a0<\/span>balearicum eloquio<\/span>\u00a0foren simplement adaptats a s\u2019\u00e0rab, seguint es propi exemple des noms de ses illes<\/span>, com\u00a0<\/span>\u2018<\/span>May\u00fbrqa<\/span>\u2019<\/span>, de\u00a0<\/span>\u2018<\/span>Mallorca<\/span>\u2019, que a\u00a0<\/span>l<\/span>a vegada t\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0es precedent en \u2018Majorica\u2019. P<\/span>er\u00f2 que<\/span>,<\/span>segons\u00a0<\/span>sa\u00a0<\/span>ben plausible\u00a0<\/span>tesi<\/span>que explicarem en detall quan pertoqui\u00a0<\/span>des<\/span>\u00a0reconegut\u00a0<\/span>fil\u00f2leg\u00a0<\/span>catal\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>Joan Coromines<\/span>, es llatins haurien derivat de sa forma indoeuropea\u00a0<\/span>‘Maglorica’<\/span>, origen de s\u2019actual pronuncia<\/span>\u00a0nativa des nom de s\u2019illa major<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u2019exhaustiu estudi des\u00a0<\/span>D<\/span>octor<\/span>\u00a0\u00c0lvar Galm\u00e9s<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>fil\u00f2leg\u00a0<\/span>i arabista de La R<\/span>eial Acad\u00e8<\/span>mia,<\/span>\u00a0sobre es ll<\/span>inatges mallorquins prerromans \u2013<\/span>molt\u00edssims<\/span>–<\/span>encara vigents, tots cristians durant s\u2019\u00e8poca\u00a0<\/span>d\u2019Al-May\u00fbrqa,<\/span>\u00a0\u00e9s ben il\u00b7lustratiu i mereix<\/span>eria<\/span>\u00a0article a part.\u00a0<\/span>I com a mostra de sa vigorosa pres\u00e8ncia des llina<\/span>tges \u00e0rabs i relatius bastar\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0posar s\u2019<\/span>exemple de sa pr\u00f2pia bibliografia consultada per elaborar aquest treball<\/span>: es de cinc<\/span>reconeguts erudits en s\u2019estudi de sa nostra hist\u00f2ria com s\u00f3n\u00a0<\/span>C. Veny\u00a0<\/span>Meli\u00e0<\/span>, G. Llompart\u00a0<\/span>Moragues<\/span>, G. Camps\u00a0<\/span>Moranta<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>Onofre Vaquer\u00a0<\/span>Benn\u00e0sar<\/span>\u00a0o Pau Cateura\u00a0<\/span>Benn\u00e0sser\u00a0<\/span>(es g<\/span>rafismes des llinatge \u2018Benn\u00e0<\/span>ssar\u2019 s\u00f3n\u00a0<\/span>ben variats<\/span>, i com explic\u00e0rem en es<\/span>\u00a0primer des cap\u00edtols d\u2019aquest treball, tots provenen de<\/span>s cabdill\u00a0<\/span>Ben Abet<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c1<\/span>lvaro\u00a0<\/span>Santamar\u00eda explica que d<\/span>urant\u00a0<\/span>sa<\/span>\u00a0dominaci\u00f3 musulmana sa relaci\u00f3 entre es cristians amb\u00a0<\/span>sos\u00a0<\/span>sarra\u00efns fou de coexist\u00e8ncia recelosa i<\/span>\u00a0de sensible marginaci\u00f3 social,\u00a0<\/span>lo mateix que passaria\u00a0<\/span>en es\u00a0<\/span>principi entre es c<\/span>ristians de despr\u00e9s de sa conqui<\/span>sta i es sarra\u00efns conversos.\u00a0<\/span>Com hem dit, no<\/span>m\u00e9s poc abans de\u00a0<\/span>1229<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>ets almohades, es Val\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0se mostra\u00a0<\/span>especialment\u00a0<\/span>intolerant amb\u00a0<\/span>s<\/span>o<\/span>\u00a0cristianisme<\/span>, p<\/span>er\u00f2\u00a0<\/span>no a bastament<\/span>\u00a0com per esbucar\u00a0<\/span>totes ses<\/span>\u00a0bas\u00edliques paleocristianes que podrien haver servit de lloc de cult<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>i\u00a0<\/span>que en un context de persecuci\u00f3 prolongada no hagu\u00e9s tengut cap sentit.<\/span>\u00a0D\u2019acord amb sa tesi<\/span>\u00a0de Santamaria,\u00a0<\/span>molts d<\/span>es cristians, encara que\u00a0<\/span>\u2018<\/span>mossabirisats<\/span>\u2019<\/span>, serien persones amb \u2018possibles\u2019<\/span>\u00a0-alguns incl\u00fas amb reconegut prestigi social-,<\/span>\u00a0i per tant, capa\u00e7os de pagar a ses autoritats un impost especial per mantenir al manco\u00a0<\/span>qualque\u00a0<\/span>humil\u00a0<\/span>lloc de cult consentit<\/span>\u00a0per ocasions lit\u00fargiques especials<\/span>, lo qual\u00a0<\/span>no resulta tan estrany donat que\u00a0<\/span>un\u00a0<\/span>altre col\u00b7lectiu no sarra\u00ed, es<\/span>\u00a0col\u00b7lectiu<\/span>\u00a0jueu, tamb\u00e9 fou consentit i mantengu\u00e9 al manco una sinagoga<\/span>\u00a0aix\u00ed com s\u2019antic (i actual)\u00a0<\/span>assentament en e<\/span>s\u00a0<\/span>Call<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>s\u2019<\/span>exist\u00e8ncia\u00a0<\/span>des qual\u00a0<\/span>ja havia estat constatada a sa cr\u00f2nica de sa creuada pisano-catalana\u00a0<\/span>anterior<\/span>, en es\u00a0<\/span>\u2018<\/span>Liber Maiolichinus\u00a0<\/span>de Gestis Pisanorum Illustribus<\/span>\u2019<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un altre element que no adm<\/span>et cap dubte<\/span>\u00a0i se remunta molt m\u00e9s enll\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>de<\/span>\u00a0sa roma<\/span>nisaci\u00f3 que comen\u00e7a\u00a0<\/span>es segle\u00a0<\/span>I aC<\/span>\u00a0\u00e9s s\u2019ininterrompuda tradici\u00f3 des tir amb bassetja, amb sa perman\u00e8ncia, fins s\u2019actualitat, des nom privatiu i exactament id\u00e8ntic a totes ses illes<\/span>, un<\/span>\u00a0aut\u00e8ntic f\u00f2ssil ling\u00fc\u00edstic<\/span>\u00a0que\u00a0\"image\"mos connecta amb\u00a0<\/span>s<\/span>os<\/span>\u00a0natius originaris\u00a0<\/span>i\u00a0<\/span>que es catala<\/span>ns denominen \u2018fona\u2019<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>Sa veu\u00a0<\/span>Bassetja<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e9 exactament sa mateixa r<\/span>el etimol\u00f2gica que es propi nom de Balears, derivat de\u00a0<\/span>\u2018<\/span>Ba\u2019l\u00e9-Yaroh<\/span>\u2019<\/span>. Es seu \u00fas, aix\u00ed com ses seves classes,\u00a0<\/span>continuen essent\u00a0<\/span>exactament\u00a0<\/span>es<\/span>\u00a0mateix<\/span>o<\/span>s que\u00a0<\/span>ja\u00a0<\/span>va descriure\u00a0<\/span>Licofront de C\u00e0lcis (320 aC)<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0Sabem que es bassetgers continuaren essent\u00a0<\/span>guerrers\u00a0<\/span>gimnetes\u00a0<\/span>a t\u00edtol de mercenaris\u00a0<\/span>perqu\u00e8 molt despr\u00e9s serviren\u00a0<\/span>Roma a diverses campanyes com sa del C\u00e9sar a sa<\/span>\u00a0G\u00e0<\/span>l<\/span>\u00b7l<\/span>i<\/span>a<\/span>, i en tot cas, e<\/span>s balears<\/span>\u00a0mai\u00a0<\/span>han\u00a0<\/span>deixa<\/span>t<\/span>\u00a0de practicar es tir amb bassetja<\/span>i tampoc<\/span>, durant molt de temps,\u00a0<\/span>ses costums culturals<\/span>\u00a0de sa darrera etapa talai\u00f2tica<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0Sa romanisaci\u00f3, que fou molt progressiva, tampoc pogu\u00e9 ser un episodi traum\u00e0tic de conqu<\/span>i<\/span>sta.\u00a0<\/span>Com\u00a0<\/span>as<\/span>senyala\u00a0<\/span>Manuel Fern\u00e1ndez-Miranda<\/span>, s\u2019arribada des romans a Mallorca no va significar, ni molt manco, sa seva romanisaci\u00f3, que va ser posterior i molt progressiva. Molts d\u2019indicis suggereixen que s\u2019establiment rom\u00e0 a s\u2019illa fou fruit d\u2019un pacte\u00a0<\/span>(<\/span>\u2018Pax\u2019<\/span>)<\/span>entre ses parts bel\u00b7ligerants\u00a0<\/span>quan arribaren<\/span>\u00a0a una situaci\u00f3 t\u00e8cnica de \u2018tables\u2019 i<\/span>\u00a0ses males\u00a0<\/span>perspectives<\/span>\u00a0per part des romans, que d<\/span>uien anys intentant desembarcar\u00a0<\/span>a\u00a0<\/span>terra<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>acostumats a sa batalla en camp obert,\u00a0<\/span>d\u2019haver de lluitar\u00a0<\/span>a una illa inh\u00f2spita\u00a0<\/span>contra aquells irreductibles bassetgers\u00a0<\/span>dins es seu propi territori<\/span>. Excepte Palma i Pollentia (i qualque senzill fort\u00ed entre mitges), no hi ha constataci\u00f3 de viles romanes fins es canvi d\u2019era, i sabem per ses cr\u00f2niques d\u2019<\/span>Estrab\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>que s\u2019\u00fanica mesura d\u2019en\u00a0<\/span>Cecilio Metello<\/span>\u00a0fou sa de dur c<\/span>enturacions i colons des d\u2019Hisp\u00e0<\/span>nia que sumaven es<\/span>\u00a0magre<\/span>\u00a0total de 3000 individus a una \u00e8poca a sa qual s\u2019illa estava superpoblada, q\u00fcesti\u00f3 verificada pets estudis des ge\u00f2graf\u00a0<\/span>Vicent Maria\u00a0<\/span>Rossell\u00f3 Verger<\/span>. Sa\u00a0<\/span>descripci\u00f3 de Mallorca per part de\u00a0<\/span>Plini es Vell\u00a0<\/span>tamb\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>s\u2019av\u00e9 amb aquesta hip\u00f2tesi<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0Es\u00a0<\/span>sermo vulgaris\u00a0<\/span>des romans (que no \u00e9s lo mateix que es llat\u00ed cl\u00e0ssic\u00a0<\/span>des registres\u00a0<\/span>escrit<\/span>s<\/span>) va comen\u00e7ar a escampar-se poc a poc\u00a0<\/span>fins arribar a ser generalisat dins<\/span>\u00a0sa poblaci\u00f3 nativa en un\u00a0<\/span>lent\u00a0<\/span>proc\u00e9s de disgl\u00f2ssia que acabaria desp<\/span>la<\/span>\u00e7<\/span>ant sa llengo nativa\u00a0<\/span>i\u00a0<\/span>conservant nom\u00e9s parts des seu substrat<\/span>\u00a0per acabar conformant un\u00a0<\/span>protorroman\u00e7 balear<\/span>\u00a0que a finals de s\u2019\u00e8poca d\u2019influ\u00e8ncia bizantina i amb s\u2019entrada de sa protecci\u00f3 carol\u00edngia<\/span>, adquiriria una f<\/span>eso<\/span>mia bastant pr<\/span>\u00f2xima a s\u2019occit\u00e0 i molt parescuda an es<\/span>\u00a0parlar des continent<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fa uns mesos Toni Cantarellas, editor de sa revista Toc-Toc,\u00a0se centrava en ses darreres troballes que s\u2019han fet d\u2019un personatge extraordinari, el gran senyor Ben Abet, per desfer sa tesi catalanista de s\u2019any zero de sa conquista de 1229 o, com ell anomenava, es mite de sa\u00a0tabula rasa. Lluny d\u2019aquesta\u00a0tabula rasa\u00a0que es catalanisme ha conseguit … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “Es cristians d’Al-May\u00fbrqa: Un estatus tolerat (Part III de IV)”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1115,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-altres-documents"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1114"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1114"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1114\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/safundacio.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}